Introduction
The urgent need to curb greenhouse gas emissions has led to the exploration of innovative technologies like Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). This article sheds light on the significance of CCS in mitigating climate change.
2. Understanding Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
CCS involves capturing carbon dioxide emissions from industrial processes and power plants, transporting the captured CO2, and securely storing it underground to prevent its release into the atmosphere.
3. The Working Mechanism of CCS
The CCS process can be broken down into three main steps: capture, transport, and storage. In the capture phase, CO2 is separated from other emissions. Next, the captured CO2 is compressed and transported via pipelines to suitable storage sites.
4. Types of Carbon Capture Technologies
4.1 Post-Combustion Capture
This method involves capturing CO2 after fossil fuels are burned. It is widely applicable to existing power plants and industries.
4.2 Pre-Combustion Capture
Pre-combustion capture converts fossil fuels into a mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide before combustion, allowing for easier separation of CO2.
4.3 Oxy-Fuel Combustion Capture
Oxy-fuel combustion involves burning fuels in oxygen rather than air, resulting in a flue gas rich in CO2 that can be captured with relative ease.
5. The Role of Carbon Storage
Storing captured CO2 in geological formations deep underground prevents its escape and contributes to long-term emission reduction.
6. Identifying Suitable Storage Sites
Geological formations like depleted oil and gas fields or deep saline aquifers are potential sites for CO2 storage, subjected to stringent assessment for safety and integrity.